Bias testing = checking whether the model treats groups differently.

πŸ“Š Top Metrics:

  • Demographic Parity – Are outcomes evenly distributed?

  • Equal Opportunity – Are success rates consistent?

  • Predictive Parity – Are precision/recall balanced?Disparate Impact – Legal red flag if ratio < 0.8

πŸ§ͺ Tools of the Trade:

  • IBM AI Fairness 360

  • Fairlearn (Python)

  • What-If Tool (Google)

  • Amazon SageMaker Clarify